Which Insurance Coverages Apply to a Hit-and-Run?

When another driver hits your car and flees, you can't file a claim against their liability insurance — because you don't know who they are. That forces you to turn to your own auto policy. Fortunately, several coverages can step in, each serving a different purpose depending on whether you were injured and whether your car was parked or in motion.

According to the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, there were over 900,000 police-reported hit-and-run crashes in 2023, resulting in more than 240,000 injuries and 2,872 deaths. Understanding which coverages protect you is more important than ever.

Uninsured Motorist Coverage (UM/UMBI)

Uninsured motorist bodily injury (UMBI) coverage is designed precisely for situations where the at-fault driver can't be identified. It covers medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering for you and your passengers when a hit-and-run driver injures you. In many states, UM coverage is required by law, and it typically carries no deductible.

However, there's an important limitation: UMBI does not cover property damage to your vehicle in a hit-and-run in most states. For vehicle repairs, you'll need a separate coverage type. Learn more in our complete guide to uninsured motorist coverage.

Collision Coverage

Collision coverage is your primary tool for repairing your car after a hit-and-run. It pays for damage to your vehicle regardless of whether the at-fault driver is identified, meaning it applies even when the other driver flees. You'll pay your deductible first — typically $500 to $1,000 for most drivers in 2025 — then your insurer covers the rest. Learn more about how collision coverage works before deciding on your deductible amount.

Uninsured Motorist Property Damage (UMPD)

Some states offer uninsured motorist property damage (UMPD) as an alternative to collision for vehicle repairs after a hit-and-run. UMPD often carries a lower deductible than collision, but it's not available in all states (Florida, for example, does not offer it for hit-and-run property damage). Check with your insurer or state insurance department to see if UMPD is an option in your state.

Parked Car Hit-and-Run: Collision, Not Comprehensive

One of the most common misconceptions about hit-and-run car insurance is that comprehensive coverage handles a parked car that gets hit. This is incorrect. Comprehensive covers non-collision events — think theft, fire, hail, or falling objects. A vehicle striking your parked car is still a collision, even if you weren't in it.

What does apply to a parked car hit-and-run:

• Collision coverage — pays for repairs minus your deductible
• UMPD — available in select states as a lower-deductible alternative
• Liability-only policies — provide zero coverage for your own vehicle damage

Location doesn't change the coverage type. Whether your car was hit in a parking garage, a street, or a private lot, collision is the appropriate coverage. For a deeper look at how parking lot accidents are handled by insurance, including fault and surveillance evidence, it's worth reviewing before you file.

Injury vs. Property Damage: Why the Distinction Matters

How your hit-and-run claim is handled — and which coverages activate — largely depends on whether injuries occurred or the accident only caused property damage. Vehicle repairs alone can cost $1,000–$15,000, while injury-related costs range from $10,000 for minor cases to well over $200,000 for severe or permanent injuries — making adequate coverage limits critical.

Hit-and-Run with Injuries

If you or your passengers were hurt when the driver fled:

• UMBI covers medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering
• MedPay or PIP (Personal Injury Protection) may also help cover immediate medical costs, regardless of fault
• You may be able to pursue additional damages through your UM policy up to your coverage limits
• No deductible typically applies to UMBI claims

Hit-and-Run with Property Damage Only

When no one is hurt and it's purely a vehicle damage situation:

• Collision coverage (or UMPD) handles vehicle repairs
• UMBI does not activate
• Your deductible applies

Understanding uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage in detail can help you determine if your current limits are adequate for both injury and property damage scenarios.

Police Reports, Witnesses & How to File Your Claim

Do You Need a Police Report?

While you can technically file some insurance claims without a police report, a hit-and-run is a different story. Most insurers require or strongly expect a police report for hit-and-run claims because there's no other driver to corroborate your account. Without one, your claim may be delayed, reduced, or denied.

Filing a police report also:

• Creates an official record of the incident
• Initiates an investigation that could identify the fleeing driver
• Supports your insurer's fraud review process (proving this was a real accident)

Many states have specific reporting timelines. For example, in Massachusetts, if a crash causes injury, death, or over $1,000 in damage, you must submit a Motor Vehicle Crash Operator Report within five days. Keep in mind that only about 50% of hit-and-run drivers involved in fatal crashes are eventually caught — making your own documentation even more critical for protecting your claim.

The Role of Witnesses and Surveillance

Evidence is everything in a hit-and-run claim. Since the other driver is gone, you need to reconstruct what happened through other sources:

• Eyewitnesses — Collect names and contact information from anyone who saw the accident. Witness accounts can confirm the incident occurred and may help identify the fleeing vehicle.
• Security cameras — Parking lots, businesses, traffic intersections, and even nearby homes may have recorded the incident. Alert police immediately so footage can be preserved before it's overwritten.
• Dashcam footage — If you or a nearby vehicle had a dashcam running, that footage can be invaluable.
• Photos — Photograph all damage, the accident scene, road debris, and any paint transfer or parts left by the other vehicle.

Steps to File a Hit-and-Run Insurance Claim

1. Move to safety and check for injuries
2. Call 911 and file a police report — get the report number
3. Document everything — photos, video, witness info, camera locations
4. Notify your insurer as soon as possible
5. File your claim under the appropriate coverage (collision, UMPD, or UMBI for injuries)
6. Cooperate with adjusters and provide all documentation

For a thorough walkthrough of the process, see our guide on parking lot accident claims which covers many of the same documentation steps.

Will Your Rates Go Up? Deductibles, Rate Impacts & State Variations

Will a Hit-and-Run Claim Raise Your Insurance Rates?

This is one of the most common concerns for hit-and-run victims — and the answer is: it depends. As a not-at-fault victim, many states offer legal protections that prevent insurers from raising your rates solely due to a hit-and-run claim. Major insurers like GEICO and Allstate confirm that rates may not increase after a not-at-fault accident. However, some insurers may still review your overall risk profile, especially if you've filed multiple claims in recent years.

Key factors that influence whether your rate increases:

• Your state's laws — Some states, like Virginia and Arizona, prohibit rate hikes for not-at-fault claims
• Your claims history — Multiple recent claims can trigger a review
• Your coverage type — Using your own collision or UM coverage may prompt scrutiny; if the at-fault driver is later identified, claiming against their policy avoids using yours entirely
• Accident forgiveness — If your policy includes this feature, a single not-at-fault incident may be protected

Deductibles and the Collision Deductible Waiver (CDW)

When you file a collision claim for hit-and-run damage, your deductible applies. Most drivers carry a deductible between $500 and $1,000. A Collision Deductible Waiver (CDW) is an optional add-on endorsement that can waive your deductible — but there's a critical catch for hit-and-run victims: CDWs typically require the other driver to be identified as uninsured. Since hit-and-run drivers are by definition unidentified, CDWs generally do not apply to hit-and-run situations.

California and Massachusetts are the only states that legally regulate collision deductible waivers, but even in those states, waivers are tied to driver identification requirements that hit-and-run cases can't satisfy.

Bottom line: If you're a hit-and-run victim using collision coverage, budget for your full deductible.

State Variations in Hit-and-Run Coverage

Hit-and-run insurance rules vary significantly by state — and several states updated their UM/UIM laws in 2024–2025. Here are the most important differences to know:

For more detail on how collision insurance deductibles interact with your premium and claims process, it's worth reviewing before you set your coverage levels.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does insurance cover a hit-and-run if the driver is never found?

Yes — as long as you have the right coverages. Collision coverage will pay for vehicle repairs (minus your deductible) regardless of whether the driver is identified. If you were injured, your uninsured motorist bodily injury (UMBI) coverage can pay for medical bills, lost wages, and more. You do not need to identify the other driver to use either of these coverages, which is exactly why having both is so valuable.

Is a hit-and-run on a parked car covered by comprehensive or collision?

Collision coverage applies when another vehicle strikes your parked car — not comprehensive. Comprehensive is reserved for non-collision events like theft, fire, or weather damage. Some drivers confuse the two, but a car being struck by another vehicle is always a collision event, even if you weren't inside it at the time. Review how parking lot accidents are covered for more detail on fault and evidence.

Will my insurance go up after a hit-and-run claim where I was the victim?

Not necessarily. Many states prohibit insurers from raising rates for not-at-fault accidents, including hit-and-runs, and major insurers like GEICO and Allstate confirm this general approach. However, insurers can still review your overall claims history, and filing multiple claims in a short period may lead to a rate adjustment. Having accident forgiveness on your policy can protect you from a rate increase after a single incident.

Do I need a police report to file a hit-and-run insurance claim?

While not always legally required, a police report is strongly recommended — and many insurers require it for hit-and-run claims specifically. It establishes an official record of the incident, supports the validity of your claim, and can aid in identifying the fleeing driver. Without one, you may face a more difficult claims process and potential denial of coverage. Remember, only about half of hit-and-run drivers in fatal crashes are ever caught, so your documentation is essential.

What is the "physical contact rule" in hit-and-run UM claims?

The physical contact rule is a requirement in most states that there must be documented proof of actual physical contact between the hit-and-run vehicle and your car before you can file a UM claim. This rule exists to prevent fraudulent claims where no other vehicle was actually involved. In a minority of states, a corroborated witness statement can substitute for physical evidence, allowing claims involving "phantom vehicles" that caused accidents without direct contact. Check your state's specific rules — and review your UM/UIM coverage options to know exactly what protection you have.